Cumberland, MD median household income trends: 2010 to 2021
From 2010 to 2021, the median household income for Cumberland increased by $5,911 (14.30%), as per the American Community Survey estimates. In comparison, median household income for the United States increased by $4,559 (6.51%) between 2010 and 2021.
Analyzing the trend in median household income between the years 2010 and 2021, spanning 11 annual cycles, we observed that median household income, when adjusted for 2022 inflation using the Consumer Price Index retroactive series (R-CPI-U-RS), experienced growth year by year for 8 years and declined for 3 years.
The most significant year-by-year growth occured from 2019 to 2020, when the median household income increased by 4,830 (from $41,502 to $46,332). Similarly the most substantial year-by-year decline occured from 2014 to 2015, when the median household income decreased by 1,895 (from $39,402 to $37,507).
In Maryland, among cities with populations ranging from 10,000 to 50,000 residents, Cumberland ranks 16th out of 18 for median household income. This rank indicates that it falls within the lower-income range of cities within the state of Maryland.
Median household income in Cumberland, MD by household size
To gain deeper insights into the median household income for Cumberland, we conducted an analysis of the most recent available data from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5 year Estimates (the most recent data available).
Of the 7 household sizes (1 person to 7-or-more person households) reported by the census bureau, Cumberland did not include 7-person households. Across the different household sizes in Cumberland the mean income is $65,009, and the standard deviation is $26,608. The coefficient of variation (CV) is 40.93%. This high CV indicates high relative variability, suggesting that the incomes vary significantly across different sizes of households.
In the most recent year, 2021, The smallest household size for which the bureau reported a median household income was 1-person households, with an income of $27,217. It then further increased to $107,640 for 6-person households, the largest household size for which the bureau reported a median household income.
Cumberland median household income by household size
The table below displays median household incomes for various household sizes, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau. Explore how household income varies with the size of the family unit.
| Household Size | Median Household Income |
|---|---|
| 1-person households | 27,217 |
| 2-person households | 71,838 |
| 3-person households | 51,794 |
| 4-person households | 59,788 |
| 5-person households | 71,775 |
| 6-person households | 107,640 |
| 7-or-more-person households | 0 |
According to the Census Bureau data, the median household income reaches its peak among 6-person households, reaching $107,640 .
Cumberland, MD income distribution and inequality
To gain a comprehensive understanding of income distribution in Cumberland, we conducted an analysis of quintiles data from the U.S. Census Bureau. While the bureau does not categorize income into subjective classes like lower-income, middle-class, or upper-class, they instead divide the population into five quintiles, ensuring that each quintile represents nearly the same number of households. This classification allows us to analyze income levels across a spectrum from the lowest to the highest income groups.
Mean household income by quintile in Cumberland
The table below presents the mean household income for each of the five quintiles in Cumberland, offering valuable insights into income distribution and inequality.
| Income Level | Mean Household Income |
|---|---|
| Lowest Quintile | 9,710 |
| Second Quintile | 26,877 |
| Third Quintile | 47,758 |
| Fourth Quintile | 78,449 |
| Highest Quintile | 174,239 |
| Top 5 Percent | 302,286 |
Key findings:
- Income disparities: The mean income of the lowest quintile (20% of households with the lowest income) is 9,710, while the mean income for the highest quintile (20% of households with the highest income) is 174,239. This indicates that the top earners earn 18 times compared to the lowest earners.
- Top 5%: The mean household income for the wealthiest population (top 5%) is 302,286, which is 173.49% higher compared to the highest quintile, and 3113.14% higher compared to the lowest quintile.
Furthermore, as per the Census Bureau, the Gini coefficient for Cumberland is 0.4878. Gini coefficient is a numeric measure ranging from 0 to 1, where lower numbers indicate greater income equality (with 0 representing complete equality, where all households earn the same income) and higher values signify greater income inequality (with 1 being complete inequality where one household receives all income).
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS)
With a Gini coefficient of 0.4878, it is evident that income distribution in Cumberland, MD exihibits characterstics of moderate inequality .
This level of Gini coefficient suggests noticeable variations in income distribution across households, with certain segments of the population holding a larger share of income compared to others in Cumberland.
It also implies that efforts may be needed to enhance economic fairness and reduce the gap between income groups in Cumberland